Genetic Engineering The Field Of Biomedical Research

Genetic engineering is the latest experimental practice used in the world of biomedical research. This practice refers to humans modifying an animals’ genetic component in order to express a particular trait (Dale et al). The scientific community calls the animals produced by this practice as transgenic animals in order to distinguish between its wild type relative. This innovative technology paved ways for medical breakthroughs, along with the expansion of human understanding towards the mechanisms of prevalent diseases. As a result, research in the pharmaceutical industry has also been aided by genetic engineering. The ability for transgenic animals to model human diseases allow humans to have a molecular understanding in regards to the effectiveness and safety of the drug (Dennis). Besides understanding diseases, genetic engineering is also used in organ transplantation research (Dale et al). In the other end of this spectrum is the concern for the animals’ wellbeing. Though it can be said that pain and discomfort is unavoidable in the field of biomedical research, the benefits outweigh the cost. The knowledge gained by scientists from these studies benefits a majority of humans. Another implication of genetic engineering is the opportunity for scientists to reduce the number of animals involved, since transgenic versions provide a more accurate model of human diseases (Dennis). Thus, it can be said that genetic engineering is morally permissible because it maximizes theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care Medicine1283 Words   |  6 Pagestheir theory, design, analysis, implementation and application. Its functions in the modern society today expand far beyond the uses one could even begin to imagine. Specifically, there is an increased influence in its practical application in the field of medicine. In recent times, an interdependent re lationship between medicine and technology itself has been developed that did not exist before. Modern healthcare relies heavily on the application of computer technology in furthering its advancementRead MoreA Career in Biomedical Engineering Essay1879 Words   |  8 PagesMany great inventions have been made through research in biomedical engineering, for example, genetic engineering, cloning, and insulin. After insulin has been invented, there are still a lot of problems with the purity and the quantity of the insulin produced. Biomedical engineering devised a way to produce large quantities of insulin with a higher level of purity, which has saved a lot of human lives. Although biomedical engineering just been officially founded 200 years ago, its practice has beenRead MoreMy Statement Of Purpose: Biomedical Engineering703 Words   |  3 Pagesmore interested in pursuing an advanced degree in Biomedical Engineering. My well-rounded educational pursuits thus far have served me well, engineering complimented by a sound background in the humanities and hard sciences. I have, though, a robust passion to learn more, to hone my skills even more in a field that has simply exploded over the past decade biomedical engineering. For me, the excitement of the field is that biomedical engineering has only recently become its own discipline, and yetRead MoreIs the Use of Transgeneric Organisms Essential to the Advancement of Therapeutic Medicine?1315 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Genetic modification is currently at the forefront of modern science and is being utilised in various fields such as medicine, agriculture and industry. Genetically Modified or transgenic organisms are organisms that have been genetically altered in a specific way for a particular purpose. It is now possible for scientists to exchange genes from one species of organism to another. This process is performed when certain characteristics of one organism are desired in another organismRead MoreStudent Application Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagessmall liberal arts school where teaching, research, and mentoring are all highly valued. Throughout my careers, I have initiated and led teams of as many as three interns in research projects. I am primary or co-author of five peer-reviewed research papers and have presented at more than ten major conferences in the field of biomedical sciences, including International Society of Stem Cell Research conference. As a biomedical scientist with nine y ears of research and two years of teaching experiencesRead More The Human Genome Project Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesProject is a worldwide research effort with the goal of analyzing the structure of human DNA and determining the location of the estimated 100,000 human genes. The DNA of a set of model organisms will be studied to provide the information necessary for understanding the functioning of the human genome. The information gathered by the human genome project is expected to be the source book for biomedical science in the twenty-first century and will be of great value to the field of medicine. The projectRead MoreEssay about Should Genetic Engineering Be Controlled by Law?992 Words   |  4 PagesShould Genetic Engineering Be Controlled by Law? â€Å"Just as the success of a corporate body in making money need not set the human condition ahead, neither does every scientific advance automatically make our lives more meaningful† ( Professor George Wald, Noble Prize winning biologist, The Dangers of Genetic Engineeering 1976, p.45) . Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes. It uses the techniques of molecular cloning and transformation to alter theRead MoreBiomedical Engineering: Stem Cells Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pages Biomedical engineering has become a growing field over the past couple years. The new advances and research that stem from biomedical engineers can solve problems that would have never have been able to be solved before. Engineers have been working on new technology that will utilize stem cells in order to save lives and treat diseases. The stem cells that are used for treatment are called embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are formed from five-day old human embryos that the embryos areRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup for their help in improving and reviewing this paper. Finally I would like to thank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modificationRead MorePersonal Statement Of Purpose By Mr. Thomas H. Huxley812 Words   |  4 Pagesfascination for science and keen interest in the ever-growing world of technology motivated me to take up engineering studies for my undergraduate and graduate study. I have always been in awe of the organized complexity of life’s machinery which influenced me a lot in choosing Biotechnology as my major. The highly competitive environments during my study at Sri Indu College of Engineering Technology (affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad) and Long Island University

Darwin s Theory Of Evolution Essay - 918 Words

When Charles Darwin wrote The Origin Of Species, there was controversy over his theory of evolution natural selection. Darwin’s theory was debated between Thomas Huxley and Samuel Wilberforce at the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1860. Wilberforce was against the idea that all living things descended from a common ancestor. He was highly critical of Darwin’s research, often arguing in his review that many points in Darwin’s theory did not have enough support to be valid. Debate of Darwin 3 The Debate of Darwin: The Position of Samuel Wilberforce on Natural Selection Introduction Samuel Wilberforce was a Bishop of Oxford who was against Darwin’s theory of evolution. Wilberforce finds Darwin’s work to be illogical and not properly structured because of the little evidence to support his findings. He is mainly against Darwin’s hypothesis of all living things deriving from one common ancestor, and refutes his ideas solely on scientific grounds. In this paper, Darwin’s theories and hypothesis will first be discussed, then Bishop Wilberforce’s position will be covered. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin published the Origin of Species in 1859. According to Kilpatrick, S. P. (2016), Darwin was able to make significant contributions to science on evolution. Darwin proposed that evolution is descent with modification that occurs through natural selection. Natural Selection is defined as the â€Å"process by which environmental effects lead toShow MoreRelatedDarwin s Theory On Evolution1018 Words   |  5 PagesDarwin’s theory on Evolution Evolution is the belief that all living forms including humans came from ancient ancestors. Evolution is what makes life possible. It allows organisms to adapt to the environment as it changes. In Biology, theory of evolution does not tell us how life began on earth, but it helps us understand how life came into existence, diversified in many forms on earth, and fossil records. Scientists have many theories on evolution. One of the theories suggests all the healthyRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1115 Words   |  5 Pages There are many theories as to what scientist believe is the forth coming of evolution or what they deem to be the reasoning behind its development. However, Charles Darwin would change the theories of evolution and would go down in history as one of the greatest influential figures in human existence. Although some scientist disagree with Darwin’s Theory, Darwin is the only person who was able to provide sufficient evidence to prove his theory of evolution. The one question that remains, Can GodRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1339 Words   |  6 Pagesscientists spent their lives working on a succinct theory of evolution, but none found as great of popularity and success as Charles Darwin. Using his concept of Natural Selection, Darwin managed to explain evolution in not just the organic world, but also in humans. The fact that Darwin’s theory transfers so easily to human society is no coincidence. After Darwin’s Beagle voyage, he returned to England duri ng the Industrial Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first-hand witness to the societalRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1620 Words   |  7 PagesDarwin first presented his theory of evolution by natural selection through his book called ‘On the Origin of Species’. The book was released in 1859 and it explained the process of how organisms changed over time through the result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits. These changes allow an organism to adapt to the environment that it inhabits so that the organism’s chances of survival improve and produce more offspring (Than, 2015). However, biological evolution does not simplyRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution859 Words   |  4 PagesAnother issue is that Darwin’s theory has many holes the scientists are unable to fill. These holes are obvious in Dwain’s theory of evolution. Craig Belanger works for EBSCO Publishing he stated in his Biography of Charles Darwin, which was found on the TRC database under Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition Belanger said that, Although there are many facets to Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection, at its core is the idea that a species ability to evolve is based on itsRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1483 Words   |  6 PagesDarwin’s theory of evolution states that â€Å"by natural selection, organisms that possess heritable traits that enable them to better adapt to their environment, compared with other members of their species will be more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass more of their genes on to the next generation†. The grouping of organisms in the classification table is not just the result of similarities, colours, ecological functions, etc, it also covers and expresses information about our understanding ofRead MoreDarwin And Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1201 Words   |  5 PagesIt is often thought today that the theory of evolution started with Darwin and begun in the nineteenth Hundreds. Nonetheless, the thought of species changing over the years, had pic ked up for a long time in one shape to something else. It was denied by the maximum, due to the defender whom did not had any slight idea dealing with a gratifying mechanism that would analyze in innovation. The utmost significant evolutionary beliefs pervious to Darwin were of Lamarck and Geoffrey Hillarie, advanced aroundRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Biological Evolution1347 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Evolution refers to the processes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today† (Campbell, 1993). However, a lot of things can change over a period of time. The â€Å"Father of Evolution† who is known as Charles Darwin, developed the theory of biological evolution. This theory has long been debated during and after darwin s time. Biological evolution can be seen through a momentous change in organisms by changing of the genetic compositionRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1750 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Darwin is remembered for his theory of evolution. Much controversy surrounds Darwin s theory. Questions abound. Is evolution a four billion year old process, creating life forms primarily at random but each shaped by an ever-changing and complex environment, that has resulted in all of the wondrous life forms that surround us? Or are all of those beautiful elements of our nature, along with the vastness and majesty of the entire universe, a creation of an intellect of vast intelligence andRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Robert Darwin was a British man who became one of the greatest contributors to the study of evolution. He was a naturalist who was able to develop a theory of evolution based on biological changes that he witnessed occurring in varieties of samples on his travels all around the world. Charles Darwin is valuable in science history, simply because he was the first geologists who had come the closest for closi ng the gap on how and why biological changes occurred. The naturalist and geologist

My future Free Essays

I wanted to study business administration which consider of being the one in charge of the whole company and lead it to the success. Also is to be aware of everything that happens around, is like being a boss and make all kind of work that Is necessary. I decided that I wanted to study that because I Like to lead and being In charge of Important things like a company. We will write a custom essay sample on My future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also because I Like companies and control them, Like being the boss and give orders to others. All begins with a dream when I was little for the novels I watch in television and so many of them where of people hat has company and has a lot of power and I thought â€Å"l want to be like them† and from there I became interested, but I never imagine it would be so much work that has to be done. I decided to make my practice of business administration in the pharmacy â€Å"Canvass Pharmacy’. This pharmacy is located in the arbitration Logic Valley, Canvass. I went there because of my aunt, she works there as a pharmaceutical. My aunt helped me so I could do the work there without any problems. Her boss, the lawyer Border, was very understanding and didn’t say no. Mrs†¦ Border was very happy and she said that I can start working as soon as I anted. She Is a really good person, as soon as I met her I Like her, as well as her work team, they were friendly to me. I was really excited about this Job because I was going to work In what I always dream of, what I wanted to study, what I wanted to be when I grow up. I wanted to achieve my goal and don’t defraud the boss because I don’t like to do a bad work, I like to make things right. Also I like to make people proud of me and the things I do that I know are well done, well Ohio doesn’t right? We all like that. The first day of my work I was really nervous because I didn’t know what I as supposed to do and how it was going to be. As soon as I arrived to the pharmacy everyone welcome me in a good way. The work team was good, they were all really cooperators and they make me feel part of the team for the few days I went there. They help each other, Like Is supposed to be. The first work they make me do was to organize medical recipes by date and numbers and then store them. I hate It that work, It was too boring and long because there were too many medical recipes. The boss and my aunt worked with me so I didn’t have to It alone and they correct me If I id something wrong. I always try to do everything right so they don’t have to be correcting me all the time and I have the ability to learn fast. After that I had an hour of break in which I can eat and rest. Then I keep doing the same thing. While I work I talked to the lawyer, she told me about her life and gave me advices about life and asked me if I was sure this was really what I wanted to be. Well she told me that I have to propose to myself so many things to achieve them. She suggested me that I should study pharmacy because according to her that is leaving a lot of money these says. She told me that her life is really good because she gained a lot of money and is her own boss; make her own schedule the way she wanted according to her convenience. That made me thought a lot of what I wanted for my future. I know that the money Is not all, but I wouldn’t mind having It. That day I finish working at 5:pop. M. The next day I went to work at 1 1 a. M. That day I was storing medical recipes once again. I was tired of doing the same thing so I told the boss. She moved medicine we’re in its respective place and has the exact amount it should. In that place I was working with my aunt and a few people in charge of that area. Lately that day arrive the owner of the pharmacy and him by itself presented to me and he was really nice, a friendly man with all his employees and clients. I finish my work that day at 4:pop. M. That was my last day, I only work two days. The following experience that I lived I didn’t like it that much because it wasn’t what I really expected. This helped me to notice that I don’t want to study business administration. I won’t deny that I share with really good people that were so dedicated to their Job and this is admirable because there are not so many people like them that give the hundred percent in their Job. I feel that this work isn’t for me because is something monotonous and I don’t like that; I love to try new things and learn something new every day if it’s possible. It was a good experience but sincerely this isn’t what I want to be. I decided that I would look for other branches of work to know what I really want to study. I was thinking of following the advice that the lawyer give to me in looking something that is leaving a lot of money these days, like Ewing pharmacist. Although I’m not so sure, but I’m really interested in psychology because I like to hear and help others and give them advice. I’m also interested in veterinarian because I love animals so much, they are the best thing in the world, not all of them of course Just the majority. There is a lot of things that I like and they are so great that is hard for me to make a choice, I would study them all if it’s possible, but we all know is impossible. The objective of Ms. Chilean in my case is accomplished. Actually I’m eternally thankful with the teacher for giving us the opportunity to realize this work. It helps us to notice what we really want and want to be in our future. Opportunities like this come once in a lifetime and we have to enjoy them while we can. If the teacher gives us the opportunity to do this work again I would do it again, but in some other thing that I mention previously. We have to make good choices about our lives because everything starts here and there’s no way back. â€Å"The future is something that everyone can reach at a rhythm of sixty minutes per hour, whatever you do and whoever it is† (Clive Staples Lewis). How to cite My future, Papers

Goods and Services Tax

Question: Discuss about theGoods and Services Tax. Answer: Introduction In New Zealand, a VAT type tax was first introduced in the budget of 1984. The legislation of the Goods and Services Tax 1985 got assent and was implemented on 3 December 1985. The section 8-1 of the GSTA 1985 states that GST of 15% is added to the most of goods and services that are supplied in New Zealand by the registered person in ordinary course of their taxable activity. In section 6 of the act, it is that any activity that is carried on continuously and regularly by a person for a payment is known as taxable activities (Kelsey, 2015). The taxable activity do not include working for salary or wages, hobbies, selling private items and making supplies of GST exempted items. The GST charged by the supplier on the goods or services provided is referred to as the output tax. This output tax represents the amount of tax that has been collected on sales and is required with the revenue department. The registered suppliers acquiring the goods or services are eligible for input tax credit on the GST paid as per section 3A of the GSTA 1985 (Thornton, 2013). This input tax represents the amount of tax that has been paid by the supplier for acquiring the goods or services. Therefore, in case of GST registered supplier if the output tax charged exceeds the input tax incurred then in such case the registered person is required to pay the excess to the Inland Revenue department. On the other hand, if the input tax paid is more than the output tax charged then in such cases the tax authority refunds the excess GST paid. The GST is charged on taxable supply and the classifications for the purpose of GST are zero rated supplies, exempted supplies and mixed supply. In case of zero-rated supply, the tax rate for the goods supplied is zero. The zero tax rates are primarily applicable for exported goods and services. The zero rates are also applicable in case of supplies of a going concern. The other classification of GST is exempted supplies and there are two categories of exempted supplies. The first category of exempted supply is financial transactions and the second category for exempted supply is residential accommodation (Claus, 2014). The last classification for GST is mixed supply where there are many supplies that are both taxable and exempted. In this situation tax is charged only to the extent of taxable supply and the input tax credit is allowed only for the portion of taxable supply. In case of mixed supply the input tax claim is required to be apportioned between taxable supply and exempted supply. The apportionment should be made on a basis that is justified and reasonable after considering the expenditure involved. The supplier carrying on taxable activity is required to register for GST as per section 51 of the Goods and services tax act 1986. It is also important to note that if the suppliers are not GST then the supplier is not eligible for input tax credit. If the turnover of the supplier is $60000.00 or more in the last twelve-month or it is expected that turnover will exceed $60000.00 in the next twelve month then in such cases the supplier is required to be registered under GST act (Gupta Sawyer, 2015). If these conditions are fulfilled then the supplier is required to register within 21 days for the GST. If these conditions are not satisfied then the supplier is not required to register for GST. On the other hand, if the turnover does not cross the required limit then the supplier is not required to register for GST but can voluntarily choose to register for GST. In order to register for GST IRD number is required, Business identification code is required, the taxpayer should choose fo r the taxable period and accounting basis. After all this requirements are fulfilled then the supplier can register for GST. The section 52 of the GSTA 1986 deals with the provisions relating to the cancellation of registration (James, 2015). If the suppliers stop the taxable activity and starts another taxable activity then the supplier is required to cancel the registration within 21days. The registration can also be cancelled if the turnover falls below $60000.00. The process of cancellation of registration depends on the number of process of filing return followed by the supplier. If the supplier files return online then the registration can be cancelled by filling a final GST return online. If the GST return is submitted in paper then the registration can be cancelled by sending a letter of cancellation to the department. In order to calculate GST the first step is to calculate sales, income, purchase and expenses. If the payment basis is followed for calculating the sales or income then all the payment received from the customers are added for the purpose of the tax. If the taxpayer follows the hybrid basis then the entire invoice raised during the period is added for calculating the sales or income. Then the GST that has been collected from the sales that is output tax is calculated. The purchase and expenses is also calculated by adding all the payment made during the year if the payment-received method is followed. In case of invoice method, the invoices raised by the suppliers are added to calculate the purchase or expenses. The GST that is paid for this supplies are the input tax. The formula for calculating the GST is relatively simple in New Zealand. The GST calculation is relative to the base and the base is the original figure. In case of adding the GST then the formula is : =Base+ (Base*GST) For example if an item of $100.00 is sold excluding GST then the price of the item including GST is calculated as follows: =100+(100*15%) =$115.00. In case of calculating the GST content of a GST inclusive price the calculation is as follows: = (Base *3)/23 The calculation of GST content for an item $100.00 is calculated as follows = (100*3)/23 =$13.04. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand has issued FRS19 Accounting for goods and service tax. In Para 5.1 of the FRS 19 it is stated that an entity is required to account for by stating the expenses and revenue item net of GST. In case of irrecoverable GST input the Para 5.6 states that GST should be part of the expenses or assets (Sawyer, 2014). In Para 5.9 it is stated that the entity should prepare the cash flow either inclusive or exclusive of GST on a basis that is consistent with the statement of financial performance. GST with a single tax rate is the pure form of VAT that has minimum exemptions. The GST was introduced in New Zealand at a time when the economic activity was at its peak and the public accepted taxation reform (Millar, 2013). The consultation process helped the tax to be easily understandable among the public. The Goods and Services tax continues to be very success from its implementation. Reference Claus, I. (2014). GST Compliance in the New Zealand Property Sector.Fiscal Studies,35(2), 225-240. Gupta, R., Sawyer, A. J. (2015, November). The costs of compliance and associated benefits for small and medium enterprises in New Zealand: Some recent findings. InAustralian Tax Forum(Vol. 30). James, C. (2015).New territory: the transformation of New Zealand, 198492. Bridget Williams Books. Kelsey, J. (2015).Reclaiming the future: New Zealand and the global economy. Bridget Williams Books. Kelsey, J. (2015).The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment?. Bridget Williams Books. Millar, R. (2013). Smoke and Mirrors: Applying the Full Taxation Model to Government Under the Australian and New Zealand GST Laws.VAT Exemptions: Consequences and Alternatives, Rita de la Feria, ed., Kluwer Law: The Hague. Sawyer, A. J. (2014). GST Reform: Can New Zealand Offer Constructive Guidance to Inform the Australian Debate?. Thornton, A. (2013). Coin rotation task. The development of norms for New Zealand and the United States.